5 Net Zero Building Techniques

One of the most significant environmental problems related to construction is energy use. Now more than ever, contractors are shifting net zero buildings to follow sustainable and green building techniques that conserve energy and lessen the environmental impact. While solar-powered systems are the most common building techniques to achieve net zero needs, they might not be enough to counter a heavy energy load. The more optimal approach is to strike a balance by utilizing different net zero building techniques that help increase the overall energy generation efficiency. 

What’s a Net Zero Building Design?

Buildings constructed with net zero designs generate around the same amount of energy that they need to run in a year. They are made possible through innovative technologies and renewable power generation. While the goal is to be self-sufficient, net zero buildings may still rely on the national grid for power depending on their building techniques. 

For example, a building that meets 100 percent of its energy demand through on-site generation is possible but cannot be built everywhere. Several factors determine the energy generation efficiency of a project. However, the total energy consumption is always minimal, which is also why they are described as net zero carbon buildings.

Top Net Zero Building Techniques

When turning to net zero construction, there are a lot more building techniques than just implementing a solar solution. Forcing an energy-efficient solution on a building built without proper techniques will not give as high a return on investment as with a building built specifically for energy conservation. The following are some of the most popular and recommended ways to achieve net zero energy building efficiency.

1. Design for an Energy-Efficient Building

The first step in any construction project is the design phase. It is no different when considering an energy-efficient building. Hiring architects and designers familiar with net-zero techniques saves time and money upfront. Contractors can tailor specific factors in the design phase to an energy-efficient building. Elements that should be included are site selection, climate, size, R-value, ventilation, and insulation.

Selecting a site location with adequate exposure to the sun is vital to ensure optimal conditions for energy-efficient materials and appliances. The climate conditions can affect different variables that contribute to the overall energy level of a home or building. 

Air, moisture, and amount of daylight differ in different climates and have a massive impact on the way you build for energy efficiency. Hiring designers and architects with experience will know how to consider these factors when designing your next commercial project.

2. Utilize Green Construction Technology

Technology such as energy modeling software can help eliminate human error by identifying the least expensive factors to build a highly efficient building. Modeling can take different solutions such as using a heat pump or air pump, analyzing them against each other, and informing the builder which solution has the least energy impact. Once the designer has the roadmap for the project, they can run tests using the software to refine the design plans with a calculated solution to the best possible net zero outcomes.

Additionally, contractors can utilize Building Information Management (BIM) technology throughout the building process. BIM is a tool used to create 3D models throughout a construction project. BIM software has helped contractors adapt to the prefabrication building technique, which assembles buildings or parts at a site other than the job site itself. Prefabrication has a lower environmental impact by reducing waste and allowing controlled building environments to build structures with better air filtration and wall insulation, directly influencing energy efficiency.

3. Super-Insulate and Super-Seal the Building Envelope

Making a building airtight is the single most cost-effective strategy to reduce energy consumption for a net zero building. Using a continuous super-seal within the structure ensures that the drywall is running at optimal energy-saving efficiency and proper cooling and heating of the building. Some popular techniques include using ADA (airtight drywall) and adhesive attachment of sheathing during construction. 

Do note that super-insulating a home means sealing the outer wall in double construction, sealing the inner wall, and sealing all other cavities in the house. This includes electric boxes, doors, windows, the attic, and any crawl spaces in the blueprints. 

Combining super-sealing and super-insulation creates the foundation for building a net-zero structure. All other energy-efficient methods will not work at optimal efficiency without them. When evaluating insulation, contractors should assess the R-value of different materials. 

The R-value is the measure of thermal resistance a material expresses. For example, a single pane of glass has roughly an R-value of 0.91, while a double pane has an R-value closer to 2. A double-pane window is going to keep the building more insulated.

4. Utilize the Power of Solar Energy

Utilizing solar energy is an essential net-zero building technique. A photovoltaic system (solar-powered) decreases the monthly energy bills. Additionally, owners can confirm if there are any state rebates or tax credits that their business is eligible for by using solar energy. 

While solar systems can be expensive to install, commercial buildings can typically see a return on investment in about 8 to 10 years on average. Homeowners, on the other hand, can expect to see a profit anywhere between 7 to 20 years, depending on the project size.

In both cases, solar energy is a long-term cost-saving method to optimize the overall net-zero energy building. For example, using the sun for heating through the south-facing windows during the winter lowers heating costs. Shading those same windows in summer reduces cooling costs.

5. Install Energy Efficient Systems and Appliances

Installing new technology and certified energy-efficient systems and appliances can be costly, so most people look the other way while thinking they are saving money. The long-term return on investment and how you do not need to buy the most expensive solution on the market tend to disagree. 

For heating and cooling systems, air-source ductless heat pumps require no ducts or water pipes. They operate by taking the heat out of the air and redirecting it to different parts of the home or building. Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) are also an option. They heat, cool, and supply hot water through ground-source pumps that transfer heat from the earth.

Note that high-performance energy appliances such as microwaves, dishwashers, and stoves can save 2 to 3 times the energy of regular appliances. Keep an eye on what’s on the market as cost and energy efficiency change as new and improved products are released.

Net Zero Building Examples

With debates sparking around the globe about climate change, several corporations and businesses have set their eyes on building a green community. The following are a few examples of net zero buildings that have achieved a net zero carbon status.

• The United Therapeutics Unisphere (Maryland, United States)
• SCGZero+ (Shanghai, China)
• The Venus (Manchester, United Kingdom)
• The Forge (Longdon, United Kingdom)
• Aktiv-Stadthaus (Frankfurt, Germany)

Future of Net Zero Construction

With climate change changing global temperatures and energy prices ballooning exponentially, net-zero energy buildings are on the path to becoming a construction standard in the near future. According to data shared by the New Buildings Institute, around 50 percent more commercial buildings and businesses are adopting net-zero solutions every two years in the United States. While the actual verified net-zero commercial owners are barely 1 percent, the number is expected to jump significantly by 2050 following several state-level pledges to reduce carbon emissions and invest in renewable energy. That includes a plan pushed by the Biden administration to make all federal facilities net-zero emissions by 2045.

China, another country pushing for renewable energy, is expected to reach over 1 terawatt of solar capacity by 2025. Around $15.8 billion was invested alone in solar PV construction during the first half of 2023. The country’s national program to increase its solar capacity has also significantly boosted other renewable energy projects in recent years, covering both commercial and industrial sectors.

The rising cost of living has also convinced homeowners to look into net-zero construction. While net-zero techniques can prove costly depending on the country and location, new technologies and innovations are breaking the market every year to bring down the cost of on-site energy generation. 

FAQs: Net Zero Building Techniques

While these FAQs provide valuable insights, consulting with professionals experienced in net zero building techniques is advisable for comprehensive guidance on your project.

What exactly is a net-zero energy building?

A net-zero energy building, often referred to as NZEB, is a structure that generates as much energy on-site as it consumes over a year. In other words, the total energy used is equal to or less than the energy produced by renewable sources within the same building.

How can I determine if a site has adequate sun exposure for solar energy in my construction project?

Evaluating sun exposure is critical for effective solar energy utilization. You can perform a solar site assessment by hiring professionals. They take into account factors like the orientation of the site, shading, and local climate to confirm whether a location is suitable for solar installations.

Are there any financial incentives for implementing net zero building techniques?

Yes, there are often financial incentives available at the state and federal levels for projects that incorporate net-zero and energy-efficient features. These incentives may include tax credits, rebates, and grants. It’s advisable to research available incentives in your area.

What is the typical return on investment (ROI) for solar energy systems in commercial buildings?

ROI for commercial solar energy systems can vary depending on factors like system size, location, and local incentives. On average, commercial buildings tend to see ROI within 8-10 years. However, this timeline can be shorter or longer based on specific project details.

How can I ensure that my construction project adheres to net zero building principles?

To ensure your project aligns with net zero building principles, consider collaborating with architects, designers, and contractors experienced in sustainable construction. They can help you make informed decisions throughout the design and construction phases. Additionally, utilize energy modeling software and conduct thorough site assessments.

Are there any ongoing maintenance requirements for net zero energy buildings?

Net zero energy buildings typically require regular maintenance to ensure the continued efficiency of systems and equipment. This may include servicing solar panels, monitoring insulation, and maintaining energy-efficient appliances. Routine inspections can help identify and address any issues promptly.

What are some emerging technologies in net zero building construction?

Emerging technologies in net zero building construction include advanced energy-efficient HVAC systems, smart building automation, and improved energy storage solutions. These technologies enhance a building’s ability to efficiently generate, store, and manage energy.

Can net zero building techniques be applied to existing structures, or are they primarily for new construction?

While net zero techniques are commonly integrated into new construction projects, they can also be retrofitted into existing structures. Retrofitting may involve upgrading insulation, installing energy-efficient systems, and adding renewable energy sources like solar panels.

Are there specific certifications or standards for net-zero energy buildings?

Several certification programs and standards, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and Passive House, focus on sustainable and net-zero building practices. Achieving certification under these programs demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency and environmental responsibility.

How long does it typically take to design and construct a net-zero energy building?

The timeline for designing and constructing a net-zero energy building varies depending on project complexity and size. In general, such projects may take slightly longer due to the additional planning and technology integration required. However, the long-term benefits often outweigh any extended timelines.